The New York Legislature Approved More Than People With...

Willowbrook was designed in 1958 as an idea to build a school for the developmentally disabled. The New York legislature approved more than 5 million dollars to purchase 375 acres of land in the Northern part of Staten Island. Thirty building were erected completely surrounded by woods. When it was finished in 1941 the World War II was ending and veterans were just returning home. Veterans Administration took over the building to care for their wounded. The temporary name was Halloran General Hospital. It wasn’t until 1951 that Willowbrook opened its doors as â€Å"Willowbrook State School for people with disabilities.† Within the first 4 years Willowbrook surpassed its capacity of 2,950 by housing about 3,600 residents. Parents during that time were pressured by society, doctors, and even the court system to place their children who did not meet society’s standards of â€Å"normal.† By 1965 Willowbrook housed over 6,000 residents. This institution had the highest population in all of New Your State of disabled people along with the highest population of African Americans and Puerto Ricans. More than 200,000 people with disabilities nation wide were dumped into different institutions. The first legislative social reform gave families no other choices. The Federal Government did not provide any assistance to help keep their children stay home. Willowbrook became a dumping ground for the developmentally disabled where they were subjected to deplorable conditions, abuse and evenShow MoreRelatedMarijuana: the Good Part1506 Words   |  7 Pagesof gait. (Multiple sclerosis is the leading cause of neurological disability among young and middle-aged adults in the United States.) Epilepsy. Marijuana can prevent epileptic seizures in some patients. Chronic Pain. Marijuana can alleviate the chronic, often debilitating pain caused by myriad disorders and injuries. Each of these applications has been deemed legitimate by at least one court, legislature, and/or government agency in the United States. Many patients alsoRead More Optional Helmet Law Is a Disaster for Pennsylvania Essays1151 Words   |  5 PagesPennsylvanians. Governor Rendell signed the new motorcycle helmet law into effect, sentencing riders to death and increasing the tax burden caused by this new law. Pennsylvania is the 31st state to repeal its all-rider helmet law (Berenson 2). The new law states â€Å"no helmet is required for a person 21 years of age or older who has been licensed to operate a motorcycle for not less than 2 full calender [sic] years or has completed a motorcycle rider safety course approved by the Department of TransportationRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt And Public Health1880 Words   |  8 Pagescommunity and public health benefits. During his reign as US President, Franklin D. 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Stem Cell Activity Towards Tissue Regeneration - 1427 Words

Go to: Introduction DESPITE embryonic stem cell potential differentiating into many cell types in the blastocyst stage, most adult stem cells had known inherent limited potential for postnatal tissue and organ regeneration. Among the sources of phenotypically characterized adult stem/progenitor cells,1–3 the hematopoietic system has traditionally been known as an organized, hierarchical system spearheaded by multipotent and self-renewing stem cells at the top, followed by lineage-committed progenitor cells in the middle, and finally, lineage-restricted precursor cells at the bottom, which give rise to terminally differentiated cells.4 However, another stem cell population, adult human circulating/peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells, has been†¦show more content†¦Several studies using an immunodeficient rat model of acute myocardial infarction have demonstrated effective transplantation of either human CD34+cells or ex vivo-expanded EPCs into the site of myocardial neovascularization. Follo wing transplantation, these cells could differentiate into mature endothelial cells, augment capillary density, inhibit myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, and finally preserve left ventricular function.10,12,13,17 Based on these promising results, clinical trials using PB CD34+ cells have been performed with initial good clinical outcomes.18–20 TABLE 1. THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF CD34+ CELLS/EPCS FOR VARIOUS DISORDERS In various areas of regenerative medicine, a lot of investigations on the promotion of tissue neovascularization with EPCs have led to widen applications for these cells. These areas include brain tissue regeneration, for which EPCs have been successfully applied. Human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells were systemically transplanted in immunocompromised mice within 48 h of sustaining a stroke, inducing neovascularization at the site of the ischemic zone and providing a favorable environment for neuronal regeneration.21 PB CD34+ cell transplantation has been also reported to promote tissue healing via revascularization include full-thickness skin wounds of diabetic mice, peripheral nerve injuries, and spinal cord

Aircraft Leasing and Financing-Issues and Challenges Free Essays

International carriage by air is one of the greatest marvels of this remarkable age of science and technology and India has emerged as one of the most promising and fastest growing aviation markets in the world. To keep pace with this growth, large orders for aircraft acquisition have been placed by almost all airlines in India.Thus, finding enough capital for their ambitious fleet expansion programme is one of the key concerns of all Indian Airlines. We will write a custom essay sample on Aircraft Leasing and Financing-Issues and Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before discussing on the phrase ‘Aircraft Leasing’, it is pertinent to note that an aircraft cannot be leased but can be bailed. Under Transfer of Property Act, 1882 a lease is defined under Section 107 but relates only to immoveable property but not to movable property. So the appropriate word to be used is ‘Bailment of an Aircraft’ defined under Section 148 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Generally in common parlance it is used as ‘Leasing of Aircraft’.Aircraft Leasing has become a common technique to acquire an aircraft, since this asset has become expensive and always subject to a variety of laws and regulations. One of its main advantages is that it assists to settle cost considerably. The players in Airline industry can be categorized in three groups like Public Players, Private Players and Startup Players. Owning an aircraft is an expensive affair. An Airliner’s decision to acquire an aircraft is invariably accompanied by the question of whether the aircraft is to be taken on lease or to be purchased.The answer largely depends on the airline’s requirements, cost of the aircraft, availability of capital, legal constraints and taxation issues. Prior to the 1980’s purchasing an aircraft was the primary choice for the airlines – but new aircrafts were becoming an unattractive proposition for airline operators to buy aircrafts. Therefore, it is a common practice in the airline business to take aircrafts on lease. Leasing not only helps in increasing the fleet size at a fairly quick rate but also, and more importantly, reduces the cost of airline operators.There are different types of leases depending on the terms and conditions of the agreement like (i) Finance Lease and Operating Lease, (ii) Leveraged Lease, (iii) Sale and Leaseback, (iv) Wet Lease and (v) Dry Lease. In order to tap the more conventional and cost effective sources of aircraft financing, it is essential that the Indian legal system be able to generate sufficient confidence in Bankers, Financiers and Aircraft Lessors as being protective of their ownership rights and being clear and transparent so that there are no ambiguities regarding applicable laws.The criteria for leasing of aircrafts by Indian Operators are mainly based upon the permission from the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). DGCA’s permission is mandatory before leasing an aircraft in India. An Indian operator can either take an aircraft on lease f rom a foreign operator or another Indian operator but for an acquisition of an aircraft permission is required from the Ministry of Civil Aviation and also from Reserve Bank of India (RBI).The most widely used method of aircraft acquisition in India is leasing, out of which operating lease is the most popular. The advantages of leasing to airlines are volume discounts for aircraft purchase can be passed on to airline, the conversion of an airline’s working capital and credit capacity, the provision of up to 100% of finance, with no deposits or pre-payments, the possibility of excluding lease finance from the balance sheet etc.The possible disadvantages could be a higher cost than, say, debt finance for purchase, the profit from eventual sale of the aircraft going to the lessor (as a title holder), aircraft specifications not tailor-made for lessee airline (short term leases) etc. The important issues involves requirement at lease commencement and termination (i. e. lessee payment obligations and security, subleasing, repossession, governing law and jurisdiction, delivery conditions, date of elivery, acceptance and inspection of flights, registration formalities, and return conditions), Lessee Payment Obligations and Security (i. e. Lease rent, security deposit, maintenance reserves ), Repossession and Tax issues etc. In conclusion, if the Indian Airline Operators enter into agreements on Leasing of Aircraft from a foreign company then the issues at international front will multiply like that of conflict of laws, international instrument to bring uniformity in asset-based financing etc. How to cite Aircraft Leasing and Financing-Issues and Challenges, Papers

Information and Communications Technology Services †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Information and Communications Technology Services. Answer: Introduction: ICT or Information Communication Technology is regarded as the component or infrastructure enabling modern computing. The ICT or Information and Communication Technology Services intend to deliver IT or Information Technology resources for various tasks in any project. The project regarding ICT Services has been chosen here. This is because it has been committed to providing technical solutions and quality customer services under IT environment of organizations community. The following report analyzes the ICT services for the current era. It considers the project implemented 3D Networks Singapore Pte Ltd, the Republic of Singapore as an example to find and explain the chosen project. Then, it demonstrates the best practices for the organizations who need to apply this theory successfully. Analysis of frameworks for ICT Services and case study of 3D Networks: The objectives of an ICT service project are to develop access for lowering costs and better quality of ICT or Information and Communication Technologies. It enables development of e-applications in recipients theory (Byrne and Corrado 2017). The changes cover two dimensions. The first one results in modifications of frameworks. The second is fund reallocation taking place between various categories of expenditures. This reallocation is necessary for allocating refund preparation advancement and different unallocated funds. Further, the ICT development project is helpful to develop access, quality and ICT services. This helps in enhancing access, quality and usage of ICT services for achieving socio-economic development in various organizations at Singapore. It contains various frameworks that might contain various components. First of all, it consists of support for regulatory and legal reforms, aimed to promote additional competition in sectors and to reduce tariffs. Next, there is the universal service to access that is aimed to promote ICT services for understanding sectors through creating USF or Universal Service Funds and implementing sub-projects (Giraldo et al. 2017). The next component of this ICT pilot project is intended to develop competitiveness and growth in various ICT enabled services. This is through the use of innovative ICTY applications and broadband. The last element is the support regarding the management of this ICT service project from the regional implementing agency. Application of theories at 3D Networks: The ever-rising usage and complexity of ICT and increase in dependency of various firms on high-quality ICT services have been making efficient and effective ICT management. This has been a highly challenging and difficult task. For assisting ICT managers with this task, various ICT management approaches are created. The primary aim of the approaches has been to describe processes and tasks needed to be carried out in ICT management. Further, their interrelationships are described and the method in which they get correlated and deliver a framework for managing any ICT organization (Popplewell 2015). Two prominent theories towards ICT services are discussed in the following sections. They are MCM of Information Systems and ITIL. This is understood from the implementation strategy done by 3D Networks Singapore Pte Ltd at the Republic of Singapore. 3D Networks Singapore Pte Ltd delivers a converged voice and data network infrastructure to businesses. Management, Control and Maintenance of Information Systems: It is a popular approach towards management of ICT known as MCM or Management, Control and Maintenance of Information Systems. It has been covering a wide range of ICT management topics. Moreover it has been providing a coherent framework regarding operation, implementation and planning of ICT management for 3D Networks. Primary elements of the approach are MCM paradigm, MCM Tasks Frame of Reference, the State Model and Triple Model of MCM (Riekstin et al. 2015). Every stakeholder at 3D networks has been able to get access to a single database holding information required for daily operations. As this is used for project management of the company, the consultant, client and contractors have been able to gain a high level of transparency (Srensen and Skouby 2015). This it has been easy to develop trust. Further, owing to the flexibilities brought by the use of devices like smartphones and tablet computers, MCM has been helpful to generate revenue reports, performance reports for employees, costs to track reports and so on for 3D networks. As they used those reports, they were able to develop those operations. Further, it has helped the company to gain competitive advantages. The reason is that the operations have been smoother and faster and results are obtained learning quickly and efficiently. Customers of 3D Networks have been satisfied with those service deliveries since they were receiving answers that are searched by them faster. The employees are also motivated since most of the activities have turned out to be more accessible with adequate access to data (Stockhammer 2017). Moreover, the innovation has been eradicating redundant roles. While information is efficiently stored, it has been possible to recognize parts of systems that have been not needed. It indicated that efforts that have been duplicated were eradicated. Thus 3D Networks has been able to use available resources better. The main elements of the approach are the MCM Paradigm, the MCM Tasks Frame of Reference, the (Extended) State Model and the so-called Triple Model of MCM. These elements are described in the following paragraphs. The MCM Paradigm For positioning of MCM, this paradigm is introduced. Here, 3D Networks has viewed itself as a dynamic system. This system is modelled according to IS or information system or RS or real system. This has been determining and controlling the behaviour of a real system (Van Ark 2016). MCM Tasks Frame of Reference For assuring that IS functions, as per predefined requirement and under imposed constraints, an exhaustive list of tasks is defined. This is needed to be carried out in regular practices of ICT management. The State Model It has been defining various stages of development, management and usage of an information system. It has been taking a non-linear approach towards life-cycle of IS and overcoming essential limitations of linear Waterfall approaches that are developed previously (Garca Guzmn et al. 2015). Triple Model of MCM It has been described management of ICT at 3D Networks, as a set of risks that are grouped under task areas and task fields. This is done the basis of coherence and nature. IT Infrastructure Library: For the current scenario, ITIL or IT Infrastructure Library is an effective approach for 3D Networks. It is a collection of various best practices covering various subjects of ICT management. Further, it has been providing a framework to organize IT Service Management defined a managing of entire ICT sector in 3D Networks, it activities and infrastructure. ITIL has aimed to provide a coherent, consistent and consistent set of best practices for IT service management processes (Pieroni and Iazeolla 2016). The ITIL Service strategies have explained customer requirements and business goals for 3D networks. They have helped them to show how to move their policy into plans. Further, ITIL Continual Service Improvements has helped adopters to plan and evaluate large and small developments towards IT services (Heeks, Subramanian and Jones 2015). This is done by promoting a quality approach to achieving business efficiency and effectiveness in using information systems. Two of the essential elements of the framework are discussed below. Service Delivery: It has been covering various processes, needed to plan and delivery ICT services as per the requirement and under the constraints implemented by a business of 3D Networks. It has been concerned with setting up service agreements and assuring that the negotiations have been met. First of all, it has involved service level management. Its aim has been improving and maintain a quality of ICT service through consistently reporting, monitoring, agreeing in ICT service levels (Hilty and Aebischer 2015). Further, it has been considered corrective measures during service level degradation of 3D Networks. The next step involved here is capacity management that has intended towards optimal planning and deploying ICT resources at 3D Networks. It has assured that the future and current capacity demands of ICT organizations have been cost-effectively met every time. Them there has been availability management that assured that 3D Networks has delivered different cost-effective ICT services with an availability level meeting use demands and enabling them in satisfying business objectives. Next step has been financial management ensuring that resources and assets for provisioning ICT service have been used by 3D Networks cost-effectively. The last level has been IT service continuity management helping 3D Networks in the case of disruption of ICT services. This can be recovered under the time frame agreed with business supporting overall business continuity (Matzler et al. 2015). Service Support: It is next essential segment of ITIL framework for ICT service management. It has covered six closely related processes. It has been concerned to assure that the users get access to proper ICT service, at an appropriate time and adequate place supporting 3D Networks business functions. A primary aim of the process has been to assure that ICT services are delivered to users as there is any case of service disruption. It has included reactions to required changes and reacting to various failures in ICT services provision (Tuunanen, Boehmann and Henfridsson 2017). Different processes covered in this step have been to achieve middle-term goals for 3D Networks and is found at a tactical level. The various steps involved in this are demonstrated at this moment. The first one is the service desk. This is intended to provide contact between users and ICT service providers. It has included 3D Networks ICT department and different other third-party support agencies. The next one is incident management. It is intended to resolve and handle incidents for minimizing the effect of ICT services productions and then restore normal service levels very quickly. Then there is problem management. This has helped 3D Networks to reduce adverse impacts of errors in ICT infrastructure on service levels and prevent recurrence of events related to those mistakes. Then there has been changing management that has helped 3D Networks to efficiently handle and timely deliver every change of OCT infrastructure (Sanz, Gmez-Prez and Castillo-Martinez 2018). Thus it has helped in minimizing the effect of various change-related disturbances on the quality level of various ICT services. The last one has been release management. It has assisted in planning and overseeing successful changes securing and traceably rolling out software and hardware for designing and implementing active processes for that rollout. It has also involved in agreeing on implementation and content. Discussion on above findings: Findings and factors of success for the current project: The different approaches as discussed above have offered various benefits for practitioners engaged in regular ICT management and 3D Networks. They have been providing a distinct frame of references as per as structure of 3D Network, their resources tasks and processes. These are intended to be carried out to achieve an efficient and effective ICT management. Few of these approaches have been providing guidelines regarding practical implementation of ICT management. Thus, they can be utilized as the tool to improve ICT management processes and implement and plan new ones. Further, they have been helpful to create a well-structured vision in 3D Network. ITIL and MCM have offered an overall framework to organize management of ICT and deliver vision in the organization regarding the method in which administration of ICT could be held. They have been used to grasp complex process interrelationships and IT characteristics and form the solid ground to initiate organizational change under ICT services. The things that worked improperly for 3D networks: However, these have not worked well in every situation for 3D Network. First of all, they have been representing mostly frameworks to manage ICT. These have been slightly processing maps than organizational models along with a lacking structure for application and modeling (Maryska and Doucek 2015). The above study has been unable to explain the actual use of those practices and implementation aspects. There have been very fewer guidelines regarding how the processes could be implemented at 3D Network and how the company could re-engineer or change their structures for accommodating those processes. Thus numerous how-to queries have been unanswered. A significant problem has been their inability to predict various organizational structures in details. This has left gaps between practices and approaches (Al-Akkad et al. 2014). Further, scalability has been another problem and not immediately apparent how must of the process 3D Network implement. This also included what activities and tasks must be left out. For example, the deployment of MCM has been bringing problems to 3D networks, regarding the cost of equipment. Thus there has been a loss of proper devices that could be used by management executives and employees to interact with systems. Further, training of workforce has been a big issue. This is because 3D networks never had any proper understanding about the full benefits to use that. Hence the practice has been a time-consuming and expensive exercise for the firm (Cid-Lpez et al. 2015). ITIL, on the other hand, has brought drawbacks for 3D Networks regarding peoples disguised expectations about it. As it has been very often wrongly seen as an end state, it has been a framework to manage the evolution of how IT has remained aligned to the necessities of 3D Network. Best practice for companies intended to apply ICT services successfully: The best method for the companies can be the deployment of ITPM or Information Technology Process Theory created by IBM Global Services. It has been defining a reference model to control ICT under any organization. It has aimed to provide a starting point to understand the present process and form the ground-stone for restructuring and designing. This can be used as the analysis system to determine weaknesses and strengths of ICT organizations (Holm and stergaard 2015). The model has described a set of ICT processes and constituent activities and showing information flow taking place between different processes and operations. Limitation of the above theory: However, the approach has been defining a proper implementation model and instruction sets that are needed to be followed. This has been contributing to natural adaptation and flexibility in various situations (Gossart 2015). The theory has aimed to provide a framework under which best practices are described in ITIL that must be implemented. Thus ITPM could be utilised a complementary model to ITIL. Conclusion: To summarize, by the information discussed above, it can be concluded that ICT management approaches have been offering visions regarding management of ICT services. It has been further providing needed constituent elements and left open queries regarding their deployment in practice. In this study, foundations for research on ICT services have been outlined. The problems with efficient and effective ICT services in current organizations like 3D networks were understood. The current tools and approaches utilized for coping with those challenges were analyzed. Various limitations of those theories were recognized and necessity of additional research to overcome them was demonstrated. On the basis, if a concise review of theoretical developments as reported in the study, expected benefits of ICT services related to their issues were presented, Further, some problems in a simulation of an ICT management process were also discussed. Based on those challenges, the research objectives, pro blem areas and research questions for ICT service projects are defined. References: Al-Akkad, A., Raffelsberger, C., Boden, A., Ramirez, L., Zimmermann, A. and Augustin, S., 2014, May. Tweeting'when online is off'? Opportunistically creating mobile ad-hoc networks in response to disrupted infrastructure. InISCRAM. Byrne, D.M. and Corrado, C.A., 2017. ICT Asset Prices: Marshaling Evidence into New Measures. Byrne, D.M. and Corrado, C.A., 2017. ICT Prices and ICT Services: What do they tell us about Productivity and Technology?. Cid-Lpez, A., Hornos, M.J. and Herrera-Viedma, E., 2015. SICTQUAL: A fuzzy linguistic multi-criteria model to assess the quality of service in the ICT sector from the user perspective.Applied Soft Computing,37, pp.897-910. Garca Guzmn, J., Landaeta Olivo, J.F., Colomo-Palacios, R. and Stantchev, V., 2015. IT Innovation Strategy: Managing the implementation communication and its generated knowledge through the use of an ICT Tool. Garca-Muiz, A.S. and Vicente, M.R., 2014. ICT technologies in Europe: A study of technological diffusion and economic growth under network theory.Telecommunications Policy,38(4), pp.360-370. Giraldo, D., Herrera, A., Snchez, M. and Villalobos, J., 2017. Analysis of ICT services by observing fit for use attributes. Gossart, C., 2015. Rebound effects and ICT: a review of the literature. InICT innovations for sustainability(pp. 435-448). Springer, Cham. Heeks, R., Subramanian, L. and Jones, C., 2015. Understanding e-waste management in developing countries: Strategies, determinants, and policy implications in the Indian ICT sector.Information Technology for Development,21(4), pp.653-667. Hilty, L.M. and Aebischer, B., 2015. Ict for sustainability: An emerging research field. InICT Innovations for Sustainability(pp. 3-36). Springer, Cham. Holm, J.R. and stergaard, C.R., 2015. Regional employment growth, shocks and regional industrial resilience: a quantitative analysis of the Danish ICT sector.Regional Studies,49(1), pp.95-112. Makoza, F. and Chigona, W., 2016, May. Analysing barriers in the implementation of national ICT policy: Case of Malawi. InIST-Africa Week Conference, 2016(pp. 1-12). IEEE. Maryska, M. and Doucek, P., 2015. Reference model of cost allocation and profitability for efficient management of corporate ICT.Procedia Economics and Finance,23, pp.1009-1016. Matzler, K., Strobl, A., Thurner, N. and Fller, J., 2015. Switching experience, customer satisfaction, and switching costs in the ICT industry.Journal of Service Management,26(1), pp.117-136. Pieroni, A. and Iazeolla, G., 2016. Engineering QoS and Energy Saving in the Delivery of ICT Services. InSustaining Power Resources through Energy Optimization and Engineering(pp. 208-226). IGI Global. Popplewell, K., 2015. ICT Services and Interoperability for Manufacturing.Enterprise Interoperability, pp.81-84. Riekstin, A.C., Dandres, T., Nguyen, K.K., Samson, R. and Cheriet, M., 2016, October. Monitoring and measurement system for green operation of geographically distributed ICT services. InNetwork and Service Management (CNSM), 2016 12th International Conference on(pp. 406-411). IEEE. Sanz, L.F., Gmez-Prez, J. and Castillo-Martinez, A., 2018. Analysis of the European ICT Competence Frameworks. InMultidisciplinary Perspectives on Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals(pp. 225-245). IGI Global. Srensen, J.K. and Skouby, K.E., 2015. Characterization of ICT Services in a beyond 2020 Perspective. InHICSS workshop Services beyond(Vol. 2020). Stockhammer, E. (2017). Determinants of the wage share: A panel analysis of advanced and developing economies.British Journal of Industrial Relations,55(1), 3-33. Tuunanen, T., Boehmann, T. and Henfridsson, O., 2017. Introduction to Digital and ICT-Enabled Services Minitrack. Van Ark, B. (2016). The productivity paradox of the new digital economy.International Productivity Monitor, (31), 3.

Internal Conflict within Hamlet through the first soliloquy Essay Example

Internal Conflict within Hamlet through the first soliloquy Essay The extract from line 129-159, Act 1 Scene 2 of William Shakespeares Hamlet, forms to be the first soliloquy of the drama and therefore appears in the beginning of the play. A soliloquy is a literary technique where the character is left alone on the stage and is able to express his thoughts clearly and directly. This technique enhances the text and succinctly yet powerfully exposes the mental compositions of the character, as in this soliloquy, Hamlets conflict over his contemplation of suicide. In addition to his internal conflicts, the soliloquy highlights important relationships such as between Hamlet, Gertrude and Claudius as well as bringing out the cultural setting of the drama, which consists of differences between the medieval and the renaissance era.This is the first soliloquy of Hamlet in the drama, and is therefore an essential tool in the introduction of Hamlets character as well as foreshadowing certain important themes which are going to be portrayed as the drama progr esses. Since dramas did not include any narrators, soliloquies were the medium through which the writer could show insight into a characters mind. Through the first soliloquy, Shakespeare has shown Hamlets contemplative character, due to all the thinking he does, such as thoughts about suicide and its consequences based on religious ideals. The first soliloquy also provides an insight into Hamlets disturbed mental condition, which is primarily a result of his fathers death and his mothers remarriage to Claudius.The cultural setting of Shakespeares Hamlet is well highlighted in the extract, since this soliloquy elucidates one of the major themes of Hamlet, i.e. Death and more specifically Suicide. Since Hamlet was written during a period of transition from the medieval era to the renaissance era, there existed cultural conflict in everyones mind as to what was right and wrong. This cultural conflict forms to be an important factor causing internal conflict in Hamlets mind since it br ings up confusion as to whether Hamlet is a Medieval or a Renaissance prince.The cultural conflict over Suicide existed because Christianity as a religion considered suicide a dreadful sin, as it can be seen in the extract that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon gainst self-slaughter. O God, God. Whereas the Renaissance ideals suggested that if a renaissance man was living an undignified and shameful life, he could commit suicide. Because of these two contrasting ideals, there existed turmoil in Hamlets mind as to whether he should commit suicide or not, since he was so outraged that he could not see any other outcome to his undignified life other than death.The theme of Death and Suicide can be seen in the first line of the soliloquy, where Hamlet suggests O, that this too too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew. It can be seen that Hamlet wanted his body to fade away because he was going through a very painful phase in his life. His thoughts about su icide highlight another important aspect of the drama, i.e. Hamlets Melancholia. This extreme depression and sadness which was present within Hamlet was making him think that his life is weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable. It can be observed from this line that Hamlets mind was filled with negativity and pessimism.The setting of this Scene, i.e. Act 1 Scene 2, is that of celebration, happiness and positive atmosphere due to the election of the new King. The entire court is in a jovial mood; however, Hamlet calls his life life is an unweeded garden. By using this metaphor he reiterates his negative thoughts and inability to forget the past, his fathers death. It can be seen that Hamlet sees the world through a dark lens and therefore everything to Hamlet seems weary, stale, flat and unprofitable. Another aspect of this soliloquy is that Hamlet is shown to be mourning in deep pain and immense grief; however he notices that the others have moved on after Elder Hamlets Death. This occ urrence causes greater agony and misery in Hamlets mind since he believes that he is the only one who genuinely loved the previous King, Elder Hamlet.If the structure of this extract is observed, it can be seen that it consists of many exclamation marks, which suggests that the character performing the soliloquy is supposed to use a lot of expressive dialogues and gestures. The use of extensive expression shows that Shakespeare wanted the audience to realize that this was an extremely important part of the drama which would be foreshadowing various events which are going to occur as the plot progresses. The expressions also add to the seriousness of Hamlets agony and help the audience sympathize with him even more.The first soliloquy also plays an important role in presenting the state of the important relationships which existed in the drama. One of the prominent relationships highlighted in the first soliloquy is that of Hamlet and Gertrude. Gertrude is not shown to be neither a s tereotypical queen nor a stereotypical mother, who would mourn in grief of her husbands death as well as taking care of, supporting and consoling her son after his fathers death.Her character is shown to be a moderately corrupt character as she gets married to her husbands brother within two months of her husbands death, irrespective of this being unapproved by her son. This very well shows her unsupportive and uncaring behaviour. Her marriage to Claudius changes Hamlets perspective about Gertrude and Elder Hamlets Relationship as well. Hamlet knew that his father is deeply in love with Gertrude and would go to any extremes for her protection so loving to my mother, That he might not be teem the winds of heaven; Visit her face too roughly. After his fathers death, he observed his mothers mourning where she wept like Niobe, a mythological tragedy wherein a woman turned into a stone fountain due to her excessive weeping With which she followed my poor fathers body; Like Niobe, all tea rs..However, Hamlet then hints that his mothers sorrow and tears were all fake since she soon forgot all the sorrow and mourning for Elder Hamlet and married Claudius. Due to this behaviour of Gertrude, Hamlet compares his mother to a beast O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned longer. In the Elizabethan age, there existed a hierarchy which consisted of the Diuritas, Humanitas and Ferritas. Diuritas included the gods and the protean renaissance men, Humanitas consisted of the Humans who were given a position above the Beasts due to their ability of reasoning and intellectuality and lowest in the hierarchy were the Beasts. Hamlet is seen to be comparing his mother to a Beast and therefore degrading her to the lowest possible level in the Elizabethan hierarchy. Having such thoughts about his own mother shows the high degree of anger and frustration that was erupting within Hamlets mind.Shakespeare has used various elements for the enhancement and progression of the play out of which the motif of Misogyny is an important one. Shakespeare has shown Hamlet to have hatred for women as well as showing that Hamlet possesses a tendency to generalize certain things, such as the generalization of women, based on his mothers behaviour. It can be seen that Hamlet considered Gertrude to be corrupt and therefore felt immense hatred towards her; however, based on her character, Hamlet calls all the women frail Frailty, thy name is woman. This confirms that Hamlet considered all women degraded and deceptive, which is reinforced by his mothers false mourning and also explains Hamlets behaviour towards other female characters such as Ophelia, further in the play.The other relationship that is dealt with in the first soliloquy is that of Hamlet and Claudius, his step father. It can be seen that Hamlet is not yet over his fathers death, which could be a possible reason why he cannot accept Claudius as his new father, however, the fact that Claudius marri ed Gertrude and possesses a cheerful and content behaviour angers Hamlet. He cannot substitute Claudius at the same position where Elder Hamlet was and this can be clearly seen in the lines So excellent a King; that was to thisHyperion to a satyr. From this part of the soliloquy it can be seen that Hamlet compared his father, Elder Hamlet to Hyperion and Claudius to a Satyr. The Hyperion was the glorious mythological sun god, who was a symbol of reason and light, which adds a positive connotation to the character of Elder Hamlet however, comparing Claudius to a Satyr, which is again a mythological creature who is a half human and half goat and possesses a lustful and low character, adds a negative connotation to Claudius character. The half goat signifies the presence of a beast, which if referred to the Elizabethan Hierarchy, is at the lowest extreme. The beasts as stated by the Elizabethan hierarchy did not possess reason and the more a human would follow his path of desire and pa ssion, the closer he would be to the Ferritas level of the Elizabethan hierarchy. By comparing Claudius to a Beast in this soliloquy, Shakespeare has shown Hamlets insight into how he actually felt about Claudius and that he hated him even more than he hated his mother, Gertrude.Hamlet is shown to compare Claudius and Gertrude to beasts, however there exists irony since they are the King and Queen of Denmark and thereby should possess perfect characters and be included much higher in the Elizabethan Hierarchy. The King and Queen are role models for the common people and therefore should be a symbol of their culture and truth, however it is also suggested that their marriage is incestuous With such dexterity to incestuous sheets.By using this in Hamlets first soliloquy, Shakespeare has used conflict with the Elizabethan culture, which disapproved of incest, to show the negative characters of Claudius and Gertrude along with highlighting the fact that this newly wed couple will go aga inst the culture. The line It is not, nor it cannot come to good used by Hamlet in his first soliloquy show that Hamlet considers this marriage as an evil omen towards Denmark. This line also foreshadows that this marriage is an event that will in some way cause turmoil and chaos in the drama.All of these thoughts that Hamlet comes across are expressed in the form of a soliloquy simply because Shakespeare wanted the audience to understand that in spite of Hamlet being the central character of the drama, he could not express his views and opinions in front of everyone due to socio-cultural constraints such as his negative ideas towards Claudius could not be expressed publicly because Claudius was the King and his step father. Therefore Shakespeare has been able to convey certain important themes, relationships as well as insights of the central character, Hamlet in a very appropriate and clever way, i.e. through the first soliloquy.

Definitions and examples of double plurals in English

Definitions and examples of double plurals in English A double plural is the  plural form of a noun with an additional plural ending (usually -s) attached -   for example, candelabras (singular, candelabrum; plural, candelabra) or sixpences (singular, penny; plural, pence). In addition, the term double plural is occasionally used to refer to a noun with two plurals that differ in meaning, such as brothers and brethren (plurals of brother). Examples and Observations: In the light of the debate between environmental advocates and oil industries, the state officials discovered that the flooding had also released other bacterias that pose a serious health threat.(Colorado Flooding Exposes Huge Environmental Damage. Digital Journal, September 28, 2013)Bacteria is the Latin plural form [of bacterium]. In formal and scientific writing, it is always treated as plural and used with a plural verb: These bacteria are clearly visible when stained.In everyday English, bacteria is also used as a singular noun meaning a strain of bacteria: They said it was a bacteria, not a virus. This singular use has generated a double plural: bacterias. Bacterias, meaning strains of bacteria, is fairly common in journalism, but not suited for technical or formal writing.(Margery Fee and Janice McAlpine, Guide to Canadian English Usage, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2007)Paparazzi(s)Back through the system with the riffraff again Fiends on the floor scratching again Papar azzis with their cameras snapping them...(Jay-Z, 99 Problems. The Black Album, 2004)paparazzi (photographers who follow celebrities, often aggressively, in hopes of snapping candid photos) is a plural; paparazzo is the singular. Originally Italian -   invented for Frederico Fellinis film La Dolce Vita (1960) -   the term first surfaced in English in the mid-1960s. Unfortunately, because the singular form is so rare, some writers have begun using the misbegotten double plural *paparazzis...(Bryan Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) From Old English to Modern English Modern English breeches is a double plural (OE nominative singular broc trouser, nominative plural brec), as is ... kine (OE nominative singular cu cow, nominative plural cy with the addition of the plural -n from words like oxen). (John Algeo, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2010)OE cildru children belonged to a very small minor class of neuter nouns having a plural in -ru; the /r/ has survived in PDE [present-day English], but an additional weak -n plural has been added, giving PDE children a double plural. (Celia M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Kate Burridge on Double Plurals Occasionally, people using incident in the plural give it a double plural  -   incidentses. Incidents doesnt sound plural enough -   just as quince (in 1300s one coyn and many coyns) didnt for early English speakers (Quinces is historically a double plural). (Kate Burridge, Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History. HarperCollins Australia, 2011)They stopped and formed a semicircle around the microphone. Everywhere there is a crisis, they sang together. Every time they throw the dices.(Richard Lockridge, Murder Roundabout, 1966)This same process is currently affecting the word dice. Dice was traditionally the plural of die small cube with six faces, but is now being reinterpreted as singular. In this case weve also got a split happening. In specialist contexts die is still being used as a singular noun for metal stamp for coining. The dice used in gaming has a new reformulated plural, technically a double plural, dices (though some speakers still use dice as plural) ... When speakers dont feel words to be plural enough, they add another plural marker for good measure.(Kate Burridge, Blooming English: Observations on the Roots, Cultivation and Hybrids of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2004) Double Plurals in Irish English Both [Terence Patrick] Dolan [in  A Dictionary of Hiberno-English, 2006] and [Jiro] Taniguchi [in A Grammatical Analysis of Artistic Representation of Irish English, 1972] ... draw attention to double plural forms (or what Taniguchi calls vulgar forms) which also occasionally appear in Irish English. These involve the addition of /É™z/ to existing plurals which end in -s. Dolan offers the examples of bellowses for bellows and galluses for gallus, an obsolete form of the word gallows meaning braces. Taniguchi, on the other hand, cites newses as a plural for news (1972: 10). While I have not encountered the latter form, I have frequently heard other forms, such as pantses and knickerses. What is more, the film corpus displays the forms chipses and barrackses.(Shane Walshe, Irish English as Represented in Film. Diss., Peter Lang GmbH, 2009)My mother used always to laugh because when they met Mrs. Hogan used to say any newses and look up at her, with that wild stare, opening her mou th to show the big gaps between her front teeth, but the newses had at last come to her own door, and though she must have minded dreadfully she seemed vexed more than ashamed, as if it was inconvenience rather than disgrace that had hit her.(Edna OBrien, A Scandalous Woman. Stories by Contemporary Irish Women, ed. by Daniel J. Casey and Linda M. Casey. Syracuse University Press, 1990) Double Plurals in Russian Anglicisms In general, words tend to be borrowed as unanalysed wholes, their internal structure being opaque to the borrower. Russian speakers are therefore often not aware of the meaning of the English plural morpheme -s; this can lead to double plural marking through the addition of a Russian inflection to an English plural; as in pampersy, dzhinsy, chipsy. (Tamara Maximova, Russian. English in Europe, ed. by Manfred Gà ¶rlach. Oxford University Press, 2002)

Building Engineering services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Building Engineering services - Essay Example With technologies like telecommunication, internet & video conferencing etc gaining presence the people across the world have become closer and interaction among them has increased. This has given companies from different countries access to a large talent pool, newer avenues and increased business opportunities. With business expansion also comes increased manpower and equipment and naturally the need for more buildings to house them. The last couple of decades has seen an unprecedented growth in the construction of residential and non-residential buildings across the world particularly in developing countries. The bigger the size of the building, more the number of building services and more the complexity of these services. With bigger the buildings the cost of deployment and maintenance increases and leads to high energy bills. So the emphasis naturally turns towards energy savings. Energy savings not only results in monetary savings to the company but also gives management the s atisfaction of doing their bit towards environmental protection. Typically, when a new building project is planned, the management may appoint one or many firms or individuals having specific skill sets. These include an Architect, Quantity Surveyor, Project Management Company (PMC), Service Consultants, Technology Consultants, Third Party Testing & Commissioning Agency etc. These can directly appointed by the management or the management can appoint an architect or PMC and they in turn appoint the rest. Either ways, Architect usually reigns supreme and is the fulcrum of the structure around which others work around. Generally, the plans and layouts are designed by the architect upon which the various service consultants design their respective systems. For example, the air conditioning consultant follows the interior designer in terms of deciding the duct sizing, location of the air handling unit etc. A lot of importance is given to the aesthetics of the building and

Oedipus and Creon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oedipus and Creon - Essay Example The trust Oedipus has for Creon is obvious from the first time he is mentioned. Oedipus explains, "I have sent Menoikeus' son, Creon, my own wife's brother, forth alone To Apollo's House in Delphi" (Sophocles 6). The city is in despair and the oracle is Oedipus's last hope, so he sends his most trusted companion on this important journey. Oedipus's faith in him is obvious, and Creon really seems to warrant this trust. His sensitivity to Oedipus is apparent when he says, "Shall I speak now, with all these pressing close, Or pass within" (Sophocles 7). Creon tactfully states he would not openly express anything that Oedipus would prefer to remain private. As Creon relates the news he's heard from the oracle, Oedipus hangs on every word, questions him about the particulars, and generally believes the story. At the scene's end, he has accepted everything Creon has told him, and announces his intent to act upon this news, saying, "It falls on me then. I will search and clear This darkness " (Sophocles 10). On Creon's advice, he also summons the seer, Teiresias, for further instructions. There is no doubt of the trust that exists in their relationship. Once Teiresias enters the picture, things begin to change. Threatened by the accusation, Oedipus grows paranoid and his relationship with Creon grows strained. The news is so awful and amazing that Oedipus cannot believe it. It's easier to suspect foul play, and his suspicions fall immediately on the man who stands to gain the most from his downfall. He asks Teiresias, "Ha! Creon!--Is it his or thine, this plot" (Sophocles 23) and refuses to believe it when the seer insists it is not a plot at all. "For this crown Creon the stern and true, Creon mine own Comrade, comes creeping in the dark to ban And slay me" (Sophocles 23), Oedipus insists. He insults Creon, calling him, "assassin" (Sophocles 30) and "robber of my crown" (Sophocles 30) as well as a coward, a snake, and an idiot. Creon defends himself against false charges, leading to a long argument. Eventually, even his patience wears out, and he tells Oedipus, "I see thou wilt not think" (Sophocles 35). The disagreement degenerat es into name-calling; Oedipus will not see reason and Creon will not admit to something he has not done. Only late in the play, when the shepherds have produced the evidence that convinces Oedipus of his crimes, does he realize that he has wronged his brother-in-law. Jocasta is dead, Oedipus has put out his own eyes, and Creon has returned, "Not to make laughter, Oedipus, nor cast Against thee any evil of the past" (Sophocles 81). This is true compassion on Creon's part. Not only has he been wronged, but he has learned that Oedipus is the cause of all the turmoil in Thebes, including his sister's death, and still he is kind. Even Oedipus doubts that Creon can deal kindly with him, saying, "How make him trust me more He hath seen of late So vile a heart in me, so full of hate" (Sophocles 81). Showing the same sensitivity as earlier in the play, when he asked whether he should make a public announcement of his findings, he offers Oedipus privacy, saying, "Quick within! Guide him. -- The ills that in a house have been They of the house alone should know or hear" (Sophocles 81). Creon's co mpassion is further demonstrated when Antigone and Ismene enter, and Oedipus shows his gratitude, saying, "Creon of his grace Hath brought my two, my dearest, to this

Research Project case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Project case study - Assignment Example This affects not only the quality of care but also the cost of care incurred by the organizations. As such, it is important for proper measure to be put in place including team-building measures, to allow proper team collaboration towards patient safety. Adequate conflict prevention and resolution measures are also important towards maintaining a positive relationship among health professionals and the patients. In an interview with Human Resource Manager from UPSON Regional Medical Center, various operational approaches were identified, which have allowed for the success of the organization in knitting its employees together towards one course. However, some measures could be put in place to further advance the relationship between the health professionals and the patients towards attaining patient-oriented quality care, an aspect that would reduce the cost of management through minimizing errors, promoting safety, and enhancing quick response to treatment. The communication mechani sms can also be important in reducing on-show rates; hence, promoting profitability. 2. What challenges are faced in ensuring proper communication between health professional both within and between departments at UPSON Regional Medical Center and what measures have been put in place to uphold proper communication? With increasing advancement in technology within the health care system, different organizations including UPSON Regional Medical Center have embraced clinical information systems that facilitate patient care. It is important to note that the security of patient information is highly important in the health care organizations and thus the different individuals from different departments who make up the teams that manage the patients are faced with an important role in safeguarding patient information(Freshman, Rubino, & Chassiakos, 2010). In some organizations, traditional information safety practices

History of the Ming Dynasty

History of the Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty was one of great importance in Chinese history, and from its humble beginnings in 1368 came the most impressive architectural achievement in China – The Forbidden City. This city, built by three master architects chosen by Emperor YongLe, became the center of all diplomatic activity for the emperor and those closely associated with him. Over a thousand great buildings were created for the Forbidden City, all to be used by the emperor and his servants. Palaces for domestic life, several more palaces for the empress and her servants, religious buildings, buildings used for political work, and lavish gardens all filled the grounds of the new capital. However, what was most interesting about Emperor YongLes Forbidden City was not that of all the buildings themselves, but the premises upon which they were built, premises of religion and symbolism that remain important to Chinese society to this day. Following the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty emerged and Emperor Qianlongs six extravagant art collections emerged along with it. These six art collections, some bearing Western influenced, included an assorted amount of ceramics, paintings, sculpture, bronze ware, jade and other minor arts, and all were enmeshed with the art previously brought in to the Forbidden City by Emperor YongLe. The stylistic architectural decisions instituted by Emperor YongLe while building the Forbidden City, along with Emperor Qianlongs six art collections, reflect the importance of religion, symbolism, and art in Chinese culture, and remain to be important aspects of China in present times. The grandson of a peasant who was one â€Å"of only three peasants ever to become an emperor of China,† Emperor YongLe was the third emperor in the Ming Dynasty. YongLe â€Å"fought alongside his father in the Yunnan campaign to clear the country of the last bastion of Mongolian resistance,† and despite being considered as exemplary, he was overlooked as emperor. Instead, the elder emperor, having bypassed his son, chose to make his grandson the emperor. This did not sit well with Emperor YongLe who later usurped his nephew and changed his reign name to that which he is remembered by, YongLe, or â€Å"Perpetually Happy.† YongLe ruled from 1403 to 1424 and tended to be remembered as one of the emperors who had done the most for China, most notably, moving the capital of China from Nanjing to Beijing in the North. It was here that YongLe was approached by one of his spiritual advisors, who told the emperor of a vision he had of a great Imperial city. It was under this particular advisement that the Emperor decided to build this Forbidden City, the center of all life for the emperors, not only during YongLes reign, but for the reigns of emperors during other dynasties as well. In the introduction of the book The Palace Museum: Peking, author Wan-go Wen asserts that â€Å"for every supreme ruler of China, his capital was the center of the earth – not merely the seat of government but a solemn symbol of imperial power and authority and of the ideal polity,† and the Forbidden City was an ideal example of this center of the earth for Emperor YongLe. This imperial palace, was actually named â€Å"the Purple Forbidden City,† and was named as such â€Å"after the Purple Luminous Constellation with Polaris, the North Star, in its center – a heavenly equivalent of the earthly residence of the supreme ruler.† Author Yu Zhuyon claimed that â€Å"fixed in time and space, [the Pole Star] was to be found at the apex of the vault of heaven and the gods of all the other stars revolved around it in homage,† and as the emperor was the leader of all of his people, the idea of Polaris coincided with the idea of the Forbidden City. This religious idea, and comparison of the Emperor to the deity in his â€Å"apex of his vault of heaven,† showed not only how important the Emperor was to his people, but also how the Emperor himself was revered as a god-like incarnation on Earth. Before the Forbidden City was even built, Emperor YongLe put much thought and effort into its construction, bringing in three master architects who were to adhere to the strictest set of religious rules, such as the idea of yin and yang, in the construction and building of the Forbidden City. There were three important aspects in the planning of the City itself, and all three were noted by Yu Zhuyon. The first of these three points was the fact that there was no natural water supply to the Forbidden City itself, so â€Å"water was channeled into it from the Great Liquid Pool at the northwest corner† and this channeling aided in bringing water into the Inner Court. The second of these three points stemmed from the Emperors desire to have a long walkway in his City, much like the wide walkway used at the palaces of the Northern Song dynasty. With careful research and precision, these builders applied the â€Å"Song Layout,† from the aforementioned Northern Song dynasty, which allowed for â€Å"the grandeur of the wide avenue,† which was what the Emperor desired. Finally, Yu Zhuyon explains the third point that was important in the pre-construction of the Forbidden City, that being the creation of a moat behind the Forbidden City in the style that â€Å"corresponded to the arrangement at the Ming palace in Nanjing,† which was built specifically to make the city more secure for the empress, as well as the emperors concubines. It was at this point that construction of the Forbidden City could begin and all the planning could evolve from mere plans to reality. When it finally came time to build the thousand buildings that make up the Forbidden City, three things were done to prepare for it: the collection of timber, the production and transportation of bricks and tiles, and the transportation of large quarrying stones. The work that went into gathering all these items was done by a large amount of people, and many of these people who built the Forbidden City put themselves in grave danger to acquire these supplies. To secure the use of this timber â€Å"involved first rolling [logs] into the dry mountain gullies. They were lashed together to form rafts and left to await the torrents which plunged down the mountainside during the rainy season†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then, when this timber finally made arrived at its destination, it was put in massive storerooms until it was to be used. The production and transportation of the surface bricks for the walls of the city were not the mud bricks that were commonly used, because these bricks, over time, suffered from a great deal of wear. Instead, the Forbidden City was built with clay bricks which were made first by mixing water and clay together, and then put in the sun to dry. These were not the most important aspects of the building materials in the city – those were the roof tiles that were symbolically representative of the Five elements and the â€Å"golden brick† floor tiles from Suzho. These â€Å"golden bricks† were â€Å"the finest floor tiles, smooth and dense,† and called â€Å"golden bricks† because they sounded like metal when they were hit. Finally came the moving of the heavy quarrying stone, which involved the creation of a slippery slope that builders could push said quarrying stone along. These stones held particular importance in the creation of the Forbidden City, because these specific stones relied on the ideas of space and distance which, when paired with the ideas of yin and yang and the Five elements, reflected many of the major aspects of Chinese cultural beliefs. The idea of space and distance, when applied to the architecture of the Forbidden City correlated with the ideas of â€Å"cosmic environment for the imperial family,† which intertwined itself with the idea of the Emperor being a deity. The theory of the five Elements and the omnipotent idea of yin and yang were also important in the architecture of the Forbidden City as both were pivotal parts of Chinese history. The idea of yin and yang emerged during the Han dynasty in 207 B.C. and has remained a part of the Chinese lifestyle. Under the idea of yin came the ideas of â€Å"maleness, the sun, creation, light, heat, Heaven, dominance, and so on,† while the opposite fell under the ideas of yang. According to Washington State University professor Richard Hooker, all aspects of life could be explained by these two opposite ideas of yin and yang, and these two ideas were applied to the building of the YongLes city. Where even numbers take precedence in the Inner Court (such as the six Western palaces for the empress, and the emperors concubines), odd numbers are dominant in the Outer Court or â€Å"the system of the three halls and five gates.† Following the use of yin and yang in the architecture of the Forbidden City was the use of the Five elements, which were fire, water, metal/gold, wood, and Earth, and each person and creation carried some combination of these elements around in them. These elements all were represented by different colors, and these colors were used in the architecture of the city itself, such as green tiles that represented â€Å"the tenderness of spring and corresponds to the east† being used to tile the Hall that was used for study. The carefully thought out application of yin and yang, as well as the citys Five elements of water, fire, metal/gold, wood, and Earth, reflected the symbolism of these two ideas that, as mentioned previously, still play large roles in the lives of Chinese citizens. To enter the Forbidden City, one must first remove their shoes, and leave their horses and carts outside the palace doors. Inside, the city contains over a thousand buildings, each of these buildings being significant in their own way. There is not a building in the entire compound that is out of place, they all mean something, and have symbolic representations that were well planned out ahead of time. One of the most important of these buildings is the Gate of Great Harmony (also known as the Gate of Supreme Harmony), known as the greatest gate in the entire Forbidden City. The Gate of Great Harmony is the pathway that one must take to reach the Three Great Audience Halls, which are three large buildings that â€Å"occupy the main space of the Forbidden City, covering an expanse of 85,000 sq. m.† This Gate of Great Harmony, described by Weng as â€Å"elegant and expansive,† was oftentimes used by the emperor himself when he spoke to the people in the Forbidden City. To create this gate, â€Å"a new architectural element is now introduced to define the inner style: marble terraces, with intricately carved railings,† which, prior to this time, had never been used. After some time had passed, however, the emperor ceased to use this gate at all. Despite this fact, this particular gate played a role in the symbolism of Heaven on Earth because the Hall of Supreme Harmony, which was built to recreate the aforementioned Heaven on Earth, was accessed through this gate. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest courtyard in the Forbidden City and carries both religious and symbolic importance. Zhuyon wrote that â€Å"this courtyard truly gives rise to the feeling that Heaven is high and earth is broad,† and it was true, as this expansive garden is home to some of the most elaborate pieces of sculpture in the entire Forbidden City. This Hall of Supreme Harmony is also one of religious importance, as it is a Taoist temple that, although not used by YongLe, was in fact used by those who followed after him. The Hall also manages to show symbolic importance because it reflects YongLes application of yin and yang in the Imperial Garden. Just as important, if not more important, than the Outer Court, was the Inner Court, or the domestic area where the emperor and those closely associated to him lived and carried out their daily lives. Though the idea of space and distance was highly regarded and used in the Outer Court with great diligence, it was much harder for the Inner Court to be so spacious. Instead, these palaces and other buildings were built closely together. The Inner Court was the yang to the Outer Courts yin, and everything related to the Inner Court corresponded evenly, such as the Six Western and Six Eastern Palaces that were constructed to house all of the Emperors concubines. The two key features of the Inner Court were not these Six Western and Six Eastern Palaces, but instead remained to be the Palace of Heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, the two palaces which were not only home to the Emperor and the Empress, but also the palaces where the Emperor conducted business with his advisors, and where the Emperor â€Å"the emperor lay in state immediately following his death.† Over time, both of these Palaces would undergo incredible amounts of architectural renovation, specifically under the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Emperor Qianlongs renovation to YongLes vision was not his only contribution to the Forbidden City. Instead, his six extravagant art collections were in fact, his greatest contribution to the city itself. These six collections included beautiful pieces of ceramics, paintings and calligraphy, sculpture, bronze ware, jade, and so-called â€Å"minor arts† that remain on display in the Palace Museum in modern times. Though much of the architecture in the Forbidden City reflects the architectural decisions made by YongLe, the art is all reminiscent of Emperor Qianlong and his time in the Palace. Of all the art collections in his possession, it was noted that the collection of paintings and calligraphy were what Emperor Qianlong had the most of. In fact, Qianlong â€Å"practiced [painting and calligraphy] personally and thus saw from the viewpoint of an artist as well as a connoisseur.† Despite seeing from the viewpoint of an artist as well as a connoisseur, Qianlong was not very good at either painting or calligraphy, but that did not deter him from practicing or collecting, and Qianlong actually went so far as to use the example of fourth century artists handwriting to better his own calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy was a great art, with broad, sweeping strokes and vivid colors which were reminiscent of great paintings. These paintings have always been incredibly important in Chinese culture, and the paintings in the Forbidden City were no exception to this. The first Chinese paintings were simple black ink brush strokes on parchment paper, but â€Å"the efforts of later artists in their search for the expression of spirit or essence of all animate and inanimate objects extended from figure painting to landscape and bird and flower paintings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and this expression of spirit was what Chinese artists became most known for. Zhu Jiajin claimed that â€Å"porcelain is one of Chinas great inventions, achieved through an amalgamation of the two disciplines of science and art,† and this is true. Chinas most important family of art is still to this day ceramics, or â€Å"china.† Though Emperor Qianlongs vast art collection contained pieces of china, some of these were beautiful vases and plates from the Ming Dynasty. Some artisans made vases out of vibrant colors such as blue, red, and black, while others made sculptures out of â€Å"pure white clay called kaolin.† Kaolin was not the only kind of clay that was available, and as time proceeded, many different types of ceramics also originated, and â€Å"under glaze decoration, a technique invented at the Changsha kilns† was used. In this form of decoration, the craftsman would decorate his vase or sculpture with a color, and then they would glaze the art and put it in the kiln. All these styles of ceramic artistry paved the way for other craftsmen in this same style. Sculptures were another form of art that made their way to the Forbidden City, and, as mentioned earlier, some of the most beautiful of these sculptures can be seen in the courtyard of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. â€Å"Stone, bone, horn, ivory, jade, shells, bamboo, and wood† were the chosen mediums that sculptors used to carve important figures of people and animals. One of the greatest discoveries of sculptures associated with the Forbidden City was the tomb of the first Qin Emperor. In this particular tomb was a monumental find that no one had known about, and this was a collection of life-sized clay soldiers and horses that were standing guard over the tomb of this great Emperor. It was said that, though the life-sized sculptures were made of clay, they were buried â€Å"with real chariots and weapons of that time, numbering more than seven thousand – an army sufficient to guard the supreme ruler in his afterlife.† There has been no greater or monumental find of such size and artistry found since this time, with the excavation of this tomb taking many painstaking years. Prior to the use of bronze in the creation of beautiful pieces of art, bronze was used by the Chinese for tools. As time progressed, artists began to craft three beautiful types of vessels that served three specific purposes – vessels for foods, wine vessels, and water vessels. These bronze vessels were used by Chinese nobility and reflected the styles of the times. Some of these sacrificial vessels contained images of people, but in later dynasties, the vessels stopped containing representations of people and turned more towards representations of animals. Artists began to inscribe poignant Chinese characters into their bronze vessels, these â€Å"master craftsmen of over 3,000 years ago were skilled in the art of the making of moulds and casting the finished article and were able to produce superb works which were well balanced with a sense of visual rhythm and strength†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and it was these craftsmen and Qianlongs interest in them that made these bronze vessels exceptional. In all of China, jade is viewed as something that is highly treasure, even above such fine metals as gold. â€Å"Jade is a material of supreme merit, possessing beauty, character, and mystery,† and has been used to make beautiful sculptures, vases, and tools. Chinese poets wrote beautiful poetry about jade, and artisans spent extended amounts of time coming up with innovative ways to cut and style the stone into gorgeous figurines. One of the most exquisite pieces of art from this time period is a sculpture that weighs close to 2000 pounds. This sculpture, called The Nine Elders of Huichang, was carved out of a boulder and has been on display in the Forbidden City for many years. Not only did artists carve sculptures out of jade, they also carved their prose into the sculptures that they created. Qianlong was so much an advocate of jade that he had a workshop built and had artisans come in to make figurines, boxes, and ornaments for him. It was due to Qianlongs immense favoritism of jade that this period of time is viewed as â€Å"the single most eventful era in the history of jade carving,† and there are some accounts that assert that, as a novice artist, Qianlong himself might have attempted to carve jade as well. The last collection of art to remain as an important part of the Forbidden City is that which scholars call â€Å"minor art.† These arts included handicraft arts, lacquer wares, cloisonnà © art, glass blowing, bamboo carving and work done with copper and enamel. One of the most famous of these minor arts artists emerged from the Imperial Palaces artistry workshop. This craftsman, Wu Zhifan, was a prolific bamboo carver who was known to carve â€Å"pagodas, dragon boats and the intricate reticulated balls carved from a single piece of ivory, one inside another and all movable,† and still other craftsmen were handpicked by the emperor himself to come and carve sculptures and other pieces of art for him out of ivory and bamboo. Lacquer ware artists poured lacquer, put it in the sun and then in a damp area, and were able to mold lacquer ware boxes and cups out of it. Another form of art, glass blowing, is one with origins that are unknown to scholars. The artists would blow the glass into vases and then use a glaze to give the glass its â€Å"hardness, brilliance, and colorfulness, which approximate the magical attributes of precious and semiprecious stones.† All of these forms of art were incredibly time consuming, but the finished products were always intricate and beautiful. In China, the Ming and Qing Dynasties remain as two of the most important dynasties in Chinese cultural history. From its humble beginnings in 1368, the Ming Dynasty helped to shape Chinese history forever with the help of its third emperor, the Emperor YongLe. Over a thousand great buildings were created to fulfill Emperor YongLes great vision of a home for the gods on Earth, a Forbidden City that appeared to one of YongLes tutors in an extraordinary vision. This beautiful city that grew in the new capital of Beijing became the center for all activity in China. The most important part of this Imperial City lay in its careful planning and architectural execution. The ideas of symmetry, religion, and symbolism all played a large role in China and all of these ideas were applied to the layout of the city. The premises upon which the city was built remain as some of Chinas most important. Following the demise of the Ming Dynasty, many others followed, but none as important to the Ming Dynasty as the Qing Dynasty, because with the Qing Dynasty came a flourishing art workshop that provided the Palace with an assortment of beautiful art collections. Ceramics, paintings and calligraphy, bronze ware, jade, and other minor arts, were diligently created and enmeshed in the art that was the architecture of the Forbidden City. Emperor YongLes carefully created architectural decisions, paired with Emperor Qianlongs exquisite art collections, were important in reflecting the incorporation of religion, symbolism, and art, in Chinese culture in prior times, and remain as important aspects of China in the present.

United States and the Japanese-Americans Essays -- Essays Papers Immig

United States and the Japanese-Americans The United States of America has had a rich and complex history that showcases a nation on the move, a nation based on the ideals of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and a nation that is based on equality under the law and considered to be the land of opportunity for all. However, these American ideals are not always put into practice, especially when it comes to the treatment of immigrants. Whether these immigrants are Irish, Jewish, Italian, etc, they have not been afforded the same rights and privileges as their American brethren. One such group of immigrants that gets overlooked in the discourse of the mistreatment of the immigrant is the Japanese. Although they are often passed over when it comes to other immigrant groups, their story reflects the deep-rooted inequality between the so-called American citizen and the Japanese immigrant, as shown through the internment of the Japanese during World War II and the events that led up to it. Perhaps the best place to begin the examination of American-Japanese immigrant relations is at the beginning. This relationship started shortly after the American Civil War, when in 1869, the very first Japanese immigrants came to settle in the Gold Hills of California. Like many other immigrant groups, the Japanese came primarily looking for jobs because the reputation of America is one of opportunity with its trademark â€Å"give us your poor, your hungry, and your huddled masses† slogan. However, the following year, the U.S. Congress gave black and white immigrants naturalization rights but excluded Asian immigrant groups from such rights, and in 1911, the U.S. Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization continued the actions of Con... ...d Houston, James D. Farewell to Manzanar. New York: Bantam Books, 1973. Japanese Immigration: An Exposition of its Real Status. Seattle: The Japanese Association of the Pacific Northwest, 1972. Mies, Maria. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale. London and New York: Zed Books Ltd., 1998. Miller, Dale T., and Prentice, Deborah A. Cultural Divides: Understanding and Overcoming Group Conflict. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1999. Nagata, Donna K. Legacy of Injustice. New York and London: Plenum Press, 1993. Peterson, William. Japanese Americans. New York: Random House Inc., 1971. Taylor, Sandra C. Jewel of the Desert: Japanese American Internment at Topaz. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993. Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Justify the Need for Keeping Records and Describe the Types of Records You Would Maintain Essay

In this essay I would look at the need for record keeping and describe the types of records I would maintain as a teacher. Predominantly there are normally three reasons for keeping records namely for health and Safety reasons which may also be a legal requirement. Secondly for the teaching purpose so the teacher knows what the student has done and what there progress is. Thirdly for auditing and quality standards reasons which may mean the organization may need to satisfy external agencies who may have financial and quality interests (Watts 2008: online). To understand the type of records we need to keep we need to look at the learner’s journey through the course. The learner would normally join a course after being recommended or seeing some sort of marketing material. Here the justification to the organization of keeping a record of how a student joined so the college or training company could focus their marketing activity to those areas which are more successful. After this process normally the learner would attend an induction programme where the Information and Guidance forms would be filled in as well as the initial enrolment forms. Normally, at this stage the full structure of the course and the next steps would be discussed for progression on to other courses. Then the initial assessment would be done to see at what level the learners are at so if there is a need to give more supervision then that could be addressed at this stage or it could run parallel to the course. The diagnostic assessment would also be carried out at this stage to identify the strengths and weaknesses and highlight any skills gaps. The outcome of the above assessments would then become the foundation on which you would develop the Individual Learning Plan (ILP) for the learner, which will set out the learner plan to learn, the resources required and the timetable for the learning to occur. At this stage one has to remember that the teaching and learning of the course has not necessarily started yet this paperwork is normally filled out to meet funding, quality and legislative requirements. So the need for these records to be kept and filled out accurately may mean the difference in the teacher being able to deliver the course to that student or an extreme scenario of the college being closed to all students due to the quality of the records not being up to scratch. At the end of the day as Gravells (2008:10) mentions if you can’t deliver the session if there are good records which you have kept somebody else could deliver the session with minimum disruption occurring. This can only happen if records relating to the session plans and other documentation to deliver the course are at hand and can be accessed as well as the register to show the learner attended the sessions.

Analysis of “The Metamorphosis”

According to Sokel, he refers to this as an intrinsic drive that comes from someone. One must work hard and be determined on everything that he anticipates to realize. He should not entirely depend on the external forces or commands from external sources to make him go through. He highlights the Marxist idea that someone only appears to be a true human being who can be recognized in the society when he can be positively rewarded by the works of his hands. Whenever he is imposed by the economic necessity, the work cannot actually make him became alienated because he would be engaged with other people, which is already an agent of socialization. He does not become himself as an individual; rather, he is alienated from his humankind. In this short analysis, the metamorphosis, the protagonist might become a wrong person. When Gregor works as a salesperson, he has a lot in his mind. Things might not be adding up according to him because he has to travel long distances to get customer, he has to pay his bills; he also has to take good care of this family. All these burden mounted on him does not make him happy. For this reason, he has to remain alone and except himself from the company of many. The paper will look into this issue through citation of Kafka`s depiction on the way in which the protagonist react to the idea leading his family into the misfortune. He eventually suffer the guilt of conscience which by all means dismisses Marx`s assertion that loss of humanity can also come from external sources like work mates and family members. International Journal of Arts and Sciences CD-ROM ISSN: 1944-6934 2017 Volume 09, Number 04From the journal, Palvos states that dangling among the vicissitudes in the world without harmony accomplishes a great blow to one`s moral identity. In life, every turn a fatality that has nothing to do with an incorrigible personal law and ethical countenance. If this happens, ones hope and determinations are all shuttered and his life remains without a meaning. Gregor`s self alienation and humiliation is suggestive of the modern dilemma of human beings in the technological period of machines who brute facts and information systems. This analysis points through and through to the reality of material existence and the possibilities of its fall, consequently moves toward the complete subversion of an ethical universe. From a responsible man who could take good care of his family to someone who is mentally tortured and only feels comfortable when he isolates himself from other people. Gregor's metamorphosis from a civilized man into a horrific and monstrous vermin, an instinctual underworld character with an almost automatic nature, and finally to a simple bit of matter, turns him into an antagonist who upsets all the instincts of life. Indeed, Kafka's criminal world vermin gives rise to a deep and stifled impulse in modernity, to the gradual spiritual death of the human, a metamorphosis par excellence of the human substantiate that overrides all instinctual and hermeneutical bound. When the mental capability of human being fails to reason, he is recognized as a worthless being that is at par reasoning with all animals. Henceforth, the humiliated modern human -uprooted beyond bound. When one is stripped of all ethical purposefulness, he no longer possesses the moral entity given to thinking and questioning. He is called to de facto accept and obey the mastermind of pretence techno capital reality, and, the geophysical enterprise of its dully respect.Miyamoto, Kaori. â€Å"Erich Fromm's theory of alienation.†University of Massachusetts Amherst, February 2014, pp. 1-47. Positive factors of freedom sometimes blind many people. Myamoto emphasized on this statement by saying that most of the rich and modernized societies today have a lot of freedom and they enjoy it extremely without sensing the side effects associated with the freedom. The societies have failed in looking at the two sides of the coin. He goes by saying that alienation is a side effect associated with the freedom which most of us have failed to look into with a lot of concern. He support his claim by citing Enrich Fromm`s concept of alienation. He says that the relation of human being is very pivotal especially to those who are alienated. Those alienated should be put close to other people. Being alone to people is not enough, but it should be in all dimensions, through feelings, thoughts and even actions. This source identifies alienation as one of the side effect of identification of human being. Kafka`s protagonist, Gregor is very potential and cooperative in providing to the family. He shows all the ability of taking care of his parents. However, at some points, he alienates himself from the family, an aspect of perpetuated by the ended gratitude and concordat he previously got from them. Because of the isolation, he cannot be identified as someone who is financially stable and can take good care of the family.Nicolae, Cristina. â€Å"Franz Kafka's metamorphotic prison: the door and the window.† Studia Universitatis Petru Maior, Philologia 18, 2015, p. 143- According to Nicolae, he makes his argument to the modern family where one appears to be insignificant or cannot realize his life dreams. He argues that the fact that Gregory stays benevolent makes him appear someone who is finally alienated and spends most of his time alone even without the family knowing his whereabouts. Gregor is portrayed as one who cannot be recognized in the society and he struggles with his loneliness at work place where he decided to seek new identity. At one point, the protagonist identifies himself with a creature which does not make him associate in the light; he rather has to hide himself in the darkness. Actually, being rejected makes one loose his value and becomes worthless before other people. In this regard, this source proves resourceful in identifying the change in Gregor which is from metal to physical level because of the challenge he gets while dealing with his family. From the outlook, Gregor does no change his moral standing irrespective of all the humiliations that he comes across. According to this source, morality is a factor in Gregor`s alienation after being neglected by the family. The social strength which is acquired by the family proves a lot of dehumanization as they draw the attention they originally had for Gregor. Yaron, Idan and Herzog, Omri (2013). â€Å"Kafka's ruins in popular culture: A story of Metamorphosis.† Journal of Popular Culture 46:5, 1092-106.According to Yaron, maintaining culture in the society is very important. Culture helps in preserving the codes of conduct that governs good stay in the community. One who alienates himself from the culture has no positive contribution to the society. According to him, Gregor commits no crime towards anyone only that he was not true to himself and there was nothing that amazing that could make him alienate himself the other people. The split that he experiences in his personality, his deepest struggle and abandoning the culture includes everything taking place within him. However, most people who do not experience such things do not know about it. They can either choose to ignore or deny it. Gregor out rightly bears no illusion about the metaphysical chasm that encircles him and the isolation it brings from those around him who are his equals but do not know it. This gulf is not alienation from his family and the hypocrisy of his relations to them both prior and after the metamorphosis, but is the isolation where a disillusioned man who awakens to a radical awareness of his own mortality suffers the awful experience of separation from others. The separation is actually against the culture. The culture does not allow one ton separate from others irrespective of the situation, however, this takes place because of what he feels in his innermost heart. His corporeity points to his mortality which makes the inhuman world his master. Gregor's inhuman world is as incomprehensible to human reason and sensibility as is death; it is far more human and humane than the reality of the people surrounding him who have denied their own mortality. Modernity and the existential metaphysics of life and death in kafka's metamorphosis pavlos e. michaelides (2017) university of nicosia, CyprusFollowing the customs of our world, and according to the laws of habit and self-complacency, it would be beyond the bounds of scientific innovation for us to wake one morning and find ourselves transformed into colossal insects. Grego`s metamorphosis touches a deep, unappreciated, and anguishing reality in life. This is nourished by sources which are deeper than those of cogent reflection and scientific knowledge. Our personal existence can sometime lead us to horrifying and most anguishing discovery. This points out that the transitory nature of our lives and places can absolutely have great demand on our moral nature to reconcile with its true temporal dimensions. In this plinth, Gregor is doomed from the beginning. His far-reaching transformation into vermin is just physical and irrevocably. Later, it fully becomes impossible for him to reconcile the radical discontinuity between his newly discovered physical structure and his prior human self. The sudden awakening to the devastating discovery of his metamorphosis even brings backfire of his daily expectations with a terrifying inability not to achieve them again. His former self remains qualitatively unchangeable, indeed throughout the story is mostly baffled helplessly trying to adjust to radical change. Despite the tremendous effort that he puts, he ultimately finds it impossible to cope or bridge the gap between an unbridgeable void, which makes his insect like physical structure and the retaining of meaningful human identity.

8 Reasons Why Chemical Reactions Are Important

8 Reasons Why Chemical Reactions Are Important Chemical reactions are the most important types of events in the universe. Its through chemical reactions that plants grow, produce fruit, and become compost for new plants. Its because of chemical reactions that human beings (and all other animals) reproduce, digest, grow, heal, and think. But what exactly are chemical reactions? Why are they so important? What Chemical Reactions Are Elements are the basic substances that make up  matter in the universe. Each element is a chemical. Elements that form bonds are called molecules. An oxygen molecule, for example, has two oxygen atoms. Chemical reactions occur when molecules interact and change. Bonds between atoms in molecules break and are reformed in new ways.   Chemical reactions are at the heart of literally every biological process in the universe. Stars form because of chemical reactions; our sun ignited because of chemical reactions in its core. Life developed on Earth as a result of chemical reactions. The circle of life is, at its heart, a series of chemical reactions. Even our ability to think and move is a result of chemical reactions that occur in our bodies. 8 Reasons Why Chemical Reactions Are Important Chemical reactions are the reason we exist on the Earth, and, of course, they are the reason we are able to ask questions. In addition: Chemical reactions are how new forms of matter are made. While nuclear reactions also may produce new matter, nearly all the substances you encounter in daily life are the result of chemical changes.Chemical reactions help us understand the properties of matter. By studying the way a sample interacts with other matter, we can learn its chemical properties. These properties can be used to identify an unknown specimen or to predict how different types of matter might react with each other.By observing chemical reactions, we are able to understand and explain how the natural world works. Chemical reactions turn food into fuel for your body, make fireworks explode, cause food to change when it is cooked, make soap remove grime, and much more.Exciting and entertaining chemical reactions pique interest in science. These types of demonstrations encourage people to ask questions and may lead them into science-related careers.Chemical reactions help us to solve crimes and explain mysteries. B y analyzing blood and tissue samples, for example, police are able to identify the perpetrators of crimes. Chemical reactions are also the tools we use to date fossils, analyze ancient materials, and better understand how our ancestors lived. By observing chemical reactions in outer space, we are able to identify and describe other planets. We can even determine which planets and moons are likely to be able to sustain life.Fire, the most important discovery made by human beings, is simply a chemical reaction.Without chemical reactions, nothing would ever change. Atoms would stay atoms. New molecules wouldnt form. No organisms could live. If matter didnt react with other matter, the universe would be extremely boring!